Measures
One-dimensional survey contained four issues rated towards the a 7-section Likert level (range: 1–7; measure reliability: Cronbach’s alpha = .82).
The fresh new Satisfaction having Life Level (SWLS) was used to measure global lifetime fulfillment . The five bits of this 1-dimensional questionnaire was basically ranked into the good 7-area Likert scale (step one = highly disagree; eight = firmly consent; measure accuracy: Cronbach’s alpha = .92) .
To measure resilience, the main one-dimensional German Resilience Scale eleven (RS-11) was applied [56,57]. Players ranked eleven affairs into good seven-area Likert measure (1 = disagree; eight = agree; size reliability: Cronbach’s alpha = .91).
Subjective educated or expected service on social networking try measured to the that-dimensional German Survey Social Support (F-SozU K-14) including fourteen products ranked towards a 5-part Likert level (step one = untrue; 5 = true; scale reliability: Cronbach’s alpha = .94).
Narcissism is measured with the thirteen push-options format pieces of the Narcissistic Identity List 13 (NPI-13; level precision: Cronbach’s alpha = .82) .
The fresh new characteristics of “Larger Five” were examined towards the Big Four List 10 (BFI-10) . This new 10 situations was ranked toward a 5-area Likert level (step one = disagree strongly; 5 = consent highly). Respectively, a couple situations belonged to 1 of one’s four scales extraversion (measure precision: Cronbach’s leader = .89), agreeableness (Cronbach’s leader = .74), conscientiousness (Cronbach’s alpha = .82), neuroticism (Cronbach’s leader = .86), and you can openness (Cronbach’s leader = .79).
To measure the latest participants’ notice-regard, this new Italian language kind of the Unmarried-Goods Thinking-Regard Measure (SISE) was applied . Professionals have been questioned to help you rate into the an excellent 5-point Likert size how much cash https://datingranking.net/pl/down-dating-recenzja/ brand new declaration “I have high thinking-esteem.” put on by themselves (1 = far from the truth out of myself; 5 = very true of me).
This new Anxiety Stress Be concerned Scales 21 (DASS-21) had been placed on level despair, anxiety and stress attacks [62,63]. The complete questionnaire consisted of about three reputable 7-product bills, which have been rated into the cuatro-area Likert balances (0 = did not apply to me personally anyway; 3 = put on me personally a whole lot or usually; measure precision: depression: Cronbach’s alpha = .83, anxiety: Cronbach’s leader = .78, stress: Cronbach’s leader = .87) [64,65].
Additionally, people have been inquired about its social media have fun with. First, Web sites use try mentioned (“How frequently do you look online general?”). Next step, the latest SNSs fool around with is assessed (“How often is it possible you use social networking sites?”). The answer for issues was given toward a seven-point Likert level (0 = never; 1 = below monthly; dos = once or twice 30 days; 3 = weekly; 4 = a few times weekly; 5 = daily; six = more often than once 24 hours). Up coming, professionals was basically asked whether or not they registered as a member of one’s SNSs Fb, Fb, Instagram, Tumblr, Google+ or other program (0 = no; step one = yes).
Mathematical analyses
The latest Statistical Package with the Public Sciences (SPSS) adaptation 21 was applied for everybody mathematical analyses [66,67]. Basic, the manner of the newest examined character traits and you may mental health details was compared between Facebook users and Facebook non-users by figuring multivariate studies away from variance (MANOVA). Following Steven’s testimonial never to explore over 10 dependent parameters in one single MANOVA, we held a few MANOVAs. The first studies incorporated self-regard, narcissism and also the “Large Five” characteristics. Given that Box’s take to is actually low-high, i made use of Pillai’s trace while the an excellent multivariate shot. Another data integrated brand new mental health parameters existence satisfaction, strength, social support, glee, depression, nervousness, and you can worry. Right here, Box’s decide to try is actually extreme, thus, the newest Hotelling’s trace statistics were used. Although not, all multivariate evaluation exhibited similar efficiency.